An AIS Social Scientist’s Career-Long Perspective on Interdisciplinary Studies

Abstract: This essay tracks the author’s intellectual and institutional journey as an interdisciplinary social scientist. Key institutional affiliations were 43 years with San Francisco State University and the Association for Interdisciplinary Studies. Key intellectual developments were his twelve-point definition of social science disciplines, distinctions between academy-based multi-, cross-, and transdisciplinary approaches, six types of crossdisciplinary approaches, and the three world views in political economy with special attention to the multi-centric organizational model.